Research Article
Effect of Nutrients and Phytochemical Compounds of Solanum melongena (Eggplants) on Cognitive Protection in Rats
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 2, June 2024
Pages:
17-28
Received:
21 February 2024
Accepted:
22 March 2024
Published:
11 April 2024
Abstract: Many factors among which life style and oxidative stress are implicated in the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases. One of the ways to prevent neurodegeneration is to supply the body with antioxidant molecules derived from food. The aim of this study is to evaluate the nutritional value and neuroprotective activities of eggplants on cognitive impaired rat model. Powder was made with the white and purple Solanum melongena and the nutritional value of each was determined. Total phenolic and flavonoid content, antioxidant activity by DPPH scavenging and reducing iron tests, were determined from aqueous, ethanolic and hydroethanolic fruit extracts. The powder and the most active extract of Solanum melongena were used to determine neuroprotective activity in rats. Male wistar rats were divided into 7 groups of 6 each. Morris water maze and radial maze tests were performed at the end of the experiment to assess behaviour in rats. After 28 days, the rats were sacrificed and biochemical investigations such as protein content, reduced glutathione, catalase activity, malondiadehyde and acetylcholinesterase activity were evaluated in brain homogenates. The purple Solamun melongena showed the highest ash (6.06%), calcium (10.50 mg/100 g of desiccated foods), phosphorus (25.75 mg/100 g of desiccated foods), potassium (218.00 mg/100 g of desiccated foods) and zinc (0.18 mg/100 g of desiccated foods) content. On the other hand, white Solanum melongena showed the highest fiber (3.61%) and iron (0.36 mg/100 g of desiccated foods) content. The greatest phenolic content (69.90 mg GAE /g) and flavonoid content (31.54 mg CATE / g) was observed with the purple Solanum melongena. It also presented the best scavenging DPPH activity (EC 50 = 41.91 μg/ml). The group Sm400 showed the best memory learning activity with radial maze tests (0.66 n/min), a significant decrease of malondialdehyde (15.26 µmole/g), acetylcholinesterase activity (0.13 nmol/min/mg protein) and an increase of protein content (43.71µmole/g) (P<0.05). The group Sm10% showed the best memory capacity radial maze tests (0.73 n/min), the lowest malondialdehyde level and acetylcholinesterase activity (12.45 µmole/g and 0.11nmol/min/mg protein respectively) (P<0.05). Purple Solanum melongena could be used to protect neuron functions.
Abstract: Many factors among which life style and oxidative stress are implicated in the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases. One of the ways to prevent neurodegeneration is to supply the body with antioxidant molecules derived from food. The aim of this study is to evaluate the nutritional value and neuroprotective activities of eggplants on cognitive i...
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Review Article
Effects of Essential Oils of Vepris heterophylla (Rutaceae) and Xylopia aetiopica (Annonaceae) on Stage II and IV Larvae of Anopheles gambiae Sensu Stricto Giles 1902
Ndevenna Ndawakai,
Bouba Théophile,
Saotoing Pierre*,
Nukenine Nchiwan Elias
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 2, June 2024
Pages:
29-39
Received:
11 January 2024
Accepted:
22 February 2024
Published:
30 May 2024
Abstract: Objective: In order to control malaria through the reduction of Plasmodium spp vector populations, a study of the sensibility of A. gambiae ss stage II and IV larvae to V. heterophylla and X. aetiopica essential oils was carried out as well as their combined effect evaluated in the University of Ngaoundere, Adamawa region Cameroon from january to february 2020. Methodology: The tests consisted in evaluating the mortality of A. gambiae ss larvae in the presence of diluted solutions of the essential oils following a WHO (2005) methodology. Results: Bioassays revealed that the essential oils of both plants have remarkable insecticidal properties. At 250ppm, essential oils of V. heterophylla and X. aetiopica induced 100% mortality of stage II larvae after 18h of exposure. In stage IV larvae, the same concentration killed 100% of the larvae after 24h of exposure. The combined effect of the essential oils of the two plants on stage II and IV larvae of A. gambiae ss varied according to the proportion of combination made. In stage II larvae, the combination of V. heterophylla 50% and X. aetiopica 50% essential oils showed better efficacy (LC50=42.62ppm; LH50=03hr23min27sec), followed by that of V. heterophylla 25% and X. aetiopica 75% (LC50=44.24ppm; LH50=03hr31min21sec) and that of V. heterophylla 75% and X. aetiopica 25% (LC50=53.66ppm; LH50=05hr07min59sec). A similar trend was observed in stage IV larvae. Conclusion and application: In sum, due to their proven insecticidal properties against A. gambiae ss, the combination of essential oils of V. heterophylla and X. aetiopica should be highly recommended for the development of natural biocides.
Abstract: Objective: In order to control malaria through the reduction of Plasmodium spp vector populations, a study of the sensibility of A. gambiae ss stage II and IV larvae to V. heterophylla and X. aetiopica essential oils was carried out as well as their combined effect evaluated in the University of Ngaoundere, Adamawa region Cameroon from january to f...
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,
Mariane Matchinda Tchinda,
Michel Pegui Kemtsop
