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In vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Tephrosia pedicellata on Two Nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Caenorhaditis elegans) and Its In vivo Toxicity on Rats
Issiyakou Haman,
Ahmadou Adamou,
Francis Nveikoueing,
Nicolas Yanou Njintang,
Dieudonné Ndjonka
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 4, December 2021
Pages:
87-97
Received:
28 August 2021
Accepted:
26 September 2021
Published:
12 October 2021
Abstract: In Cameroon, the practice of traditional medicine in the treatment of intestinal helminthiasis is a reality and habits in the lives of traditional healers and breeders for various reasons related to their local life situations. In the valorization of medicinal plants in the treatment of digestive parasitosis as an alternative to synthetic anthelmintics, a study was carried out in order to verify their anthelmintic activity and the level of their toxicity. The present study was carried out to determine the in vitro anthelminthic activity of Tephrosia pedicellata extracts. Aqueous and hydroethanolic leaves extracts at different concentrations were tested against Haemonchus contortus development stages, mutant and wild type of free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. The two plant extracts were then chemically screened and their toxicological profile was established using albino rats. Hydroethanolic extract was the most potent by killing Haemonchus contortus adults (LC50: 0.038 mg/mL after 24 hours), infesting larvae (LC50: 0.22 mg/mL after 48 hours) and inhibiting egg hatching (IC50: 0.76 mg/mL after 48 hours). The two plant extracts showed same activity on Caenorhabditis elegans levamisole non-sensitive (LC50: 0.26 mg/mL after 48 hours) and sensitive strains (LC50: 0.25 mg/mL after 48 hours), showing different mode of action to that of levamisole. Several plant chemicals were identified from both extracts, with higher content of polyphenol compounds (562.91 mg GAE/g DW), flavonoids (135.96 mg RE/g DW), condensed tannins (228.50 mg CE/g DW) and saponins (206.83 mg SE/g DW) obtained with the hydroethanolic extract. No toxic effect was observed during acute toxicity study. Moreover, apart from the significant increase of platelets and Aspartate transaminase (p=0.001) and the glomerular inflammation in the lungs at the dose of 1000 mg/kg, no harmful variation of haematological and biochemical parameters of rats were observed. The pattern of anthelmintic activity of these extracts on Caenorhabditis elegans and the non-toxic effect of hydroethanolic extract provide a way for new anthelminthic drug.
Abstract: In Cameroon, the practice of traditional medicine in the treatment of intestinal helminthiasis is a reality and habits in the lives of traditional healers and breeders for various reasons related to their local life situations. In the valorization of medicinal plants in the treatment of digestive parasitosis as an alternative to synthetic anthelmin...
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Clinical Applications, Active Components and Mechanisms of Haemostatic Effects of Charred Chinese Medicines
Guohong Zhou,
Xiaozhong Shen,
Zhendong Zhao,
Renliang Yan,
Peihao Huang,
Ruqin Tan,
Shuibo Liang,
Yanting Zhi,
Jiaqi Li
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 4, December 2021
Pages:
98-108
Received:
19 October 2021
Accepted:
4 November 2021
Published:
12 November 2021
Abstract: Charred traditional Chinese medicines have been used to stop bleeding since ancient times. To date, they are often applied to treat purpura, metrorrhagia, upper gastrointestinal bleeding, postoperative hemorrhage of mixed hemorrhoids, and hemorrhoids bleeding. Conventional oral decoction is still a predominate application form. It is noteworthy that a new and original application form of charred herbs has occurred in the treatment of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Different from the conventional oral decoction, the micron-sized rhei radix et rhizome carbonisatus was sprayed on the surface of the lesion through gastroscopy to stop upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Active tannins, calcium ions, flavonoids and anthraquinones play a role in a part of charred herbs to stop bleeding. The emergence or increase of active components may lead charred herbs to significantly better haemostatic effects than uncharred ones, especially the emergence of activated carbon and novel carbon dots. This underlines a big need to char herbs at first before their clinical use. It leads to a new issue how to char herbs properly for maximum active components, which is related to the quality control of charred herbs. Hence, the optimum charring methods should be explored in depth for different herbs in the future. Furthermore, modern research indicates the haemostatic mechanisms of charred herbs are related to their ability to activate coagulation pathways, enhance platelet systems and/or inhibit fibrinolysis systems.
Abstract: Charred traditional Chinese medicines have been used to stop bleeding since ancient times. To date, they are often applied to treat purpura, metrorrhagia, upper gastrointestinal bleeding, postoperative hemorrhage of mixed hemorrhoids, and hemorrhoids bleeding. Conventional oral decoction is still a predominate application form. It is noteworthy tha...
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Cistus × Incanus L. Pandalis and Its Broad Antiviral Properties
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 4, December 2021
Pages:
109-118
Received:
31 October 2021
Accepted:
17 November 2021
Published:
24 November 2021
Abstract: Derived from Cistus x incanus L. Pandalis, the extract Cystus Pandalis® has been subject to several examinations concerning its antiviral effect. Its effectiveness has been proven in all examinations in-vitro and in-vivo. In physiological dosages, the Infection of cell cultures by applied viruses was completely prevented in-vitro without the cells being affected by Cystus Pandalis® extract. Likewise, the application of Cystus Pandalis® extract in-vivo showed that it prevented the infection of subjects, in contrast to subjects of the control group living in similar life situations. The effect is based presumebly on the specific highly concentrated polyphenols typical to the variety in the used extract. Its dense concentration of polymeric polyphenols (over 90%) in contrast to its relativeley low content of monomeric polyphenols (about 2%) seems to be key to this specific extract. So it blocks the cellular attachment sites and inhibits the virus from entering. As it is for SARS-CoV-2, it seems plausible that the extract encases surface proteins (in this case the Spike-Protein) to prevent the virus from attaching to the human cell and, therefore, avert infection. Cystus Pandalis® extract is available as lozenges or mouthrinse in form of a decoction. Prophylactic use during infectious waves and viral epidemics/pandemics at any stage is easily feasible. The extract is well-tolerated and has caused no known sideeffects. So far, no viral resistances or the development thereof have been detected. In Addition, no contraindications or interactions with other drugs are known to date. Cystus Pandalis® extract is freely available and can be applied regardless of age or sex.
Abstract: Derived from Cistus x incanus L. Pandalis, the extract Cystus Pandalis® has been subject to several examinations concerning its antiviral effect. Its effectiveness has been proven in all examinations in-vitro and in-vivo. In physiological dosages, the Infection of cell cultures by applied viruses was completely prevented in-vitro without the cells ...
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Phytochemicals and Biological Activities of Flueggea virosa (Phyllanthaceae) Used in the Traditional Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Mali
Adama Dénou,
Mahamane Haïdara,
Flacoro Diakité,
Sékou Doumbia,
Daouda Lassine Dembélé,
Rokia Sanogo
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 4, December 2021
Pages:
119-126
Received:
24 September 2021
Accepted:
21 October 2021
Published:
29 November 2021
Abstract: Worldwide, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is common in men over the age of 50. Hence there is a phytotherapy for BPH. In Mali, many medicinal plants are used in the traditional treatment of BPH. The current work aimed to characterize secondary metabolites and anti-radical constituents, to determine the acute toxicity and to evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of aqueous extracts from the leaves and stems of Flueggea virosa. Colour and precipitation reactions in tubes were performed to characterize the chemical constituents of the extracts. Anti-radical substances were determined through the free radical reduction method of 1,1 diphenyl, 2-picryl hydrazyl radical. The acute toxicity was performed in vivo using female mice. In vivo analgesic activity was determined through inhibition of induced pain in mice using 0.6% acetic acid. In vivo anti-inflammatory activity was determined by inhibiting inflammation caused with carrageenan in mice. The main chemical constituents of aqueous extracts were flavonoids, tannins and saponins. Polar extracts contained anti-radical substances. These extracts exhibited analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. The decoction extracts administered orally in mice at the dose of 2000 mg/kg did not provoke toxic effects and mortality. The stem extract at 100 mg / kg exhibited the best analgesic activity with 64.82% inhibition and anti-inflammatory activity with 59.07% inhibition. These first results justify the traditional use of the plant in the medical management of BPH and will help to make data for the development of a new improved traditional medicine (ITM) based on the stems of Flueggea virosa.
Abstract: Worldwide, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is common in men over the age of 50. Hence there is a phytotherapy for BPH. In Mali, many medicinal plants are used in the traditional treatment of BPH. The current work aimed to characterize secondary metabolites and anti-radical constituents, to determine the acute toxicity and to evaluate the analges...
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