Phytochemical Profile and Biological Activities of Piliostigma Thonningii Leaf Extract: Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties

Daniel Wasinda Malgwi; Harami Malgwi Adamu; Doris Ezekiel Amin Boryo; Raphael Shadai Oguike

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajac.20241205.11

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| Peer-Reviewed

Phytochemical Profile and Biological Activities of Piliostigma Thonningii Leaf Extract: Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties

Daniel Wasinda Malgwi^*

, Harami Malgwi Adamu

, Doris Ezekiel Amin Boryo

, Raphael Shadai Oguike

Published in American Journal of Applied Chemistry (Volume 12, Issue 5)

Received: 10 September 2024 Accepted: 29 September 2024 Published: 31 October 2024

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Abstract

The study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical composition, antioxidant activity, and anti-inflammatory properties of the methanol extract of Piliostigma thonningii leaves to provide scientific evidence for its traditional medicinal use. Phytochemical screening was conducted using standard methods, revealing the presence of anthraquinones, alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, tannins, flavonoids, phytosterols, saponins, and steroids, while glycosides and phenols were absent. Antioxidant activities were assessed using DPPH radical-scavenging, ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP), and hydrogen peroxide scavenging assays, all indicating significant antioxidant capacity that increased with extract concentration. The results indicate a dose-dependent antioxidant response across all assays, with higher concentrations of extracts exhibiting greater scavenging potential against free radicals and hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidation. While the extracts show slightly lower potency compared to ascorbic acid, they still demonstrate considerable antioxidant activity, especially at higher concentrations. The anti-inflammatory effect was evaluated using a carrageenan-induced paw edema model in rats, comparing three dosages of the extract (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) to Diclofenac and a negative control. The 100 mg/kg dose effectively delayed peak inflammation, showing strong anti-inflammatory activity similar to, but less consistent than, Diclofenac. These findings support the traditional use of Piliostigma thonningii leaves in managing inflammation and pain, suggesting potential for further development as a natural therapeutic agent."

Published in	American Journal of Applied Chemistry (Volume 12, Issue 5)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajac.20241205.11
Page(s)	95-104
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Anti-oxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Medicine, Phytochemical, Piliostigma Thonningii

References

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Malgwi, D. W., Adamu, H. M., Boryo, D. E. A., Oguike, R. S. (2024). Phytochemical Profile and Biological Activities of Piliostigma Thonningii Leaf Extract: Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties. American Journal of Applied Chemistry, 12(5), 95-104. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20241205.11

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ACS Style

Malgwi, D. W.; Adamu, H. M.; Boryo, D. E. A.; Oguike, R. S. Phytochemical Profile and Biological Activities of Piliostigma Thonningii Leaf Extract: Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties. Am. J. Appl. Chem. 2024, 12(5), 95-104. doi: 10.11648/j.ajac.20241205.11

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AMA Style

Malgwi DW, Adamu HM, Boryo DEA, Oguike RS. Phytochemical Profile and Biological Activities of Piliostigma Thonningii Leaf Extract: Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties. Am J Appl Chem. 2024;12(5):95-104. doi: 10.11648/j.ajac.20241205.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajac.20241205.11,
  author = {Daniel Wasinda Malgwi and Harami Malgwi Adamu and Doris Ezekiel Amin Boryo and Raphael Shadai Oguike},
  title = {Phytochemical Profile and Biological Activities of Piliostigma Thonningii Leaf Extract: Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties
},
  journal = {American Journal of Applied Chemistry},
  volume = {12},
  number = {5},
  pages = {95-104},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajac.20241205.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20241205.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajac.20241205.11},
  abstract = {The study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical composition, antioxidant activity, and anti-inflammatory properties of the methanol extract of Piliostigma thonningii leaves to provide scientific evidence for its traditional medicinal use. Phytochemical screening was conducted using standard methods, revealing the presence of anthraquinones, alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, tannins, flavonoids, phytosterols, saponins, and steroids, while glycosides and phenols were absent. Antioxidant activities were assessed using DPPH radical-scavenging, ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP), and hydrogen peroxide scavenging assays, all indicating significant antioxidant capacity that increased with extract concentration. The results indicate a dose-dependent antioxidant response across all assays, with higher concentrations of extracts exhibiting greater scavenging potential against free radicals and hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidation. While the extracts show slightly lower potency compared to ascorbic acid, they still demonstrate considerable antioxidant activity, especially at higher concentrations. The anti-inflammatory effect was evaluated using a carrageenan-induced paw edema model in rats, comparing three dosages of the extract (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) to Diclofenac and a negative control. The 100 mg/kg dose effectively delayed peak inflammation, showing strong anti-inflammatory activity similar to, but less consistent than, Diclofenac. These findings support the traditional use of Piliostigma thonningii leaves in managing inflammation and pain, suggesting potential for further development as a natural therapeutic agent."
},
 year = {2024}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Phytochemical Profile and Biological Activities of Piliostigma Thonningii Leaf Extract: Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties

AU  - Daniel Wasinda Malgwi
AU  - Harami Malgwi Adamu
AU  - Doris Ezekiel Amin Boryo
AU  - Raphael Shadai Oguike
Y1  - 2024/10/31
PY  - 2024
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20241205.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajac.20241205.11
T2  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
JF  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
JO  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
SP  - 95
EP  - 104
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8745
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20241205.11
AB  - The study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical composition, antioxidant activity, and anti-inflammatory properties of the methanol extract of Piliostigma thonningii leaves to provide scientific evidence for its traditional medicinal use. Phytochemical screening was conducted using standard methods, revealing the presence of anthraquinones, alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, tannins, flavonoids, phytosterols, saponins, and steroids, while glycosides and phenols were absent. Antioxidant activities were assessed using DPPH radical-scavenging, ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP), and hydrogen peroxide scavenging assays, all indicating significant antioxidant capacity that increased with extract concentration. The results indicate a dose-dependent antioxidant response across all assays, with higher concentrations of extracts exhibiting greater scavenging potential against free radicals and hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidation. While the extracts show slightly lower potency compared to ascorbic acid, they still demonstrate considerable antioxidant activity, especially at higher concentrations. The anti-inflammatory effect was evaluated using a carrageenan-induced paw edema model in rats, comparing three dosages of the extract (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) to Diclofenac and a negative control. The 100 mg/kg dose effectively delayed peak inflammation, showing strong anti-inflammatory activity similar to, but less consistent than, Diclofenac. These findings support the traditional use of Piliostigma thonningii leaves in managing inflammation and pain, suggesting potential for further development as a natural therapeutic agent."

VL  - 12
IS  - 5
ER  -

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Author Information

Daniel Wasinda Malgwi

Chemistry Department, Modibbo Adama University, Yola, Nigeria

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2853-5739
Harami Malgwi Adamu

Chemistry Department, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Yelwa, Nigeria

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5874-2440
Doris Ezekiel Amin Boryo

Chemistry Department, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Yelwa, Nigeria

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1052-3548
Raphael Shadai Oguike

Chemistry Department, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Yelwa, Nigeria

http://orcid.org/0009-0002-7684-8772

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Malgwi, D. W., Adamu, H. M., Boryo, D. E. A., Oguike, R. S. (2024). Phytochemical Profile and Biological Activities of Piliostigma Thonningii Leaf Extract: Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties. American Journal of Applied Chemistry, 12(5), 95-104. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20241205.11

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ACS Style

Malgwi, D. W.; Adamu, H. M.; Boryo, D. E. A.; Oguike, R. S. Phytochemical Profile and Biological Activities of Piliostigma Thonningii Leaf Extract: Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties. Am. J. Appl. Chem. 2024, 12(5), 95-104. doi: 10.11648/j.ajac.20241205.11

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AMA Style

Malgwi DW, Adamu HM, Boryo DEA, Oguike RS. Phytochemical Profile and Biological Activities of Piliostigma Thonningii Leaf Extract: Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties. Am J Appl Chem. 2024;12(5):95-104. doi: 10.11648/j.ajac.20241205.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajac.20241205.11,
  author = {Daniel Wasinda Malgwi and Harami Malgwi Adamu and Doris Ezekiel Amin Boryo and Raphael Shadai Oguike},
  title = {Phytochemical Profile and Biological Activities of Piliostigma Thonningii Leaf Extract: Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties
},
  journal = {American Journal of Applied Chemistry},
  volume = {12},
  number = {5},
  pages = {95-104},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajac.20241205.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20241205.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajac.20241205.11},
  abstract = {The study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical composition, antioxidant activity, and anti-inflammatory properties of the methanol extract of Piliostigma thonningii leaves to provide scientific evidence for its traditional medicinal use. Phytochemical screening was conducted using standard methods, revealing the presence of anthraquinones, alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, tannins, flavonoids, phytosterols, saponins, and steroids, while glycosides and phenols were absent. Antioxidant activities were assessed using DPPH radical-scavenging, ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP), and hydrogen peroxide scavenging assays, all indicating significant antioxidant capacity that increased with extract concentration. The results indicate a dose-dependent antioxidant response across all assays, with higher concentrations of extracts exhibiting greater scavenging potential against free radicals and hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidation. While the extracts show slightly lower potency compared to ascorbic acid, they still demonstrate considerable antioxidant activity, especially at higher concentrations. The anti-inflammatory effect was evaluated using a carrageenan-induced paw edema model in rats, comparing three dosages of the extract (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) to Diclofenac and a negative control. The 100 mg/kg dose effectively delayed peak inflammation, showing strong anti-inflammatory activity similar to, but less consistent than, Diclofenac. These findings support the traditional use of Piliostigma thonningii leaves in managing inflammation and pain, suggesting potential for further development as a natural therapeutic agent."
},
 year = {2024}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Phytochemical Profile and Biological Activities of Piliostigma Thonningii Leaf Extract: Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties

AU  - Daniel Wasinda Malgwi
AU  - Harami Malgwi Adamu
AU  - Doris Ezekiel Amin Boryo
AU  - Raphael Shadai Oguike
Y1  - 2024/10/31
PY  - 2024
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20241205.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajac.20241205.11
T2  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
JF  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
JO  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
SP  - 95
EP  - 104
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8745
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20241205.11
AB  - The study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical composition, antioxidant activity, and anti-inflammatory properties of the methanol extract of Piliostigma thonningii leaves to provide scientific evidence for its traditional medicinal use. Phytochemical screening was conducted using standard methods, revealing the presence of anthraquinones, alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, tannins, flavonoids, phytosterols, saponins, and steroids, while glycosides and phenols were absent. Antioxidant activities were assessed using DPPH radical-scavenging, ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP), and hydrogen peroxide scavenging assays, all indicating significant antioxidant capacity that increased with extract concentration. The results indicate a dose-dependent antioxidant response across all assays, with higher concentrations of extracts exhibiting greater scavenging potential against free radicals and hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidation. While the extracts show slightly lower potency compared to ascorbic acid, they still demonstrate considerable antioxidant activity, especially at higher concentrations. The anti-inflammatory effect was evaluated using a carrageenan-induced paw edema model in rats, comparing three dosages of the extract (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) to Diclofenac and a negative control. The 100 mg/kg dose effectively delayed peak inflammation, showing strong anti-inflammatory activity similar to, but less consistent than, Diclofenac. These findings support the traditional use of Piliostigma thonningii leaves in managing inflammation and pain, suggesting potential for further development as a natural therapeutic agent."

VL  - 12
IS  - 5
ER  -

Copy | Download